كيفية تحضير كوب الشاي الاخضر: طريقة عمل كوب الشاي الاخضر

Myocardial infarction biomarkers: Troponins : Description, diagnostic significant and interpretation Description Troponins are muscle-regulatory proteins present in skeletal and cardiac muscle. There are three types of troponins namely: 1.  Troponin C (Tn C).  2. Troponin I (Tn I). 3. Troponin T(Tn T).   There is no structurally difference between cardiac and skeletal forms of troponin C(Tn C)by immunological assay, but between cardiac and skeletal muscle of (Tn I) and (Tn T) can be differentiated by immunological assays. This means that cardiac troponins I and T are highly sensitive and specific markers for acute myocardial infarction.  Troponins diagnostic significant:  Troponins are released from damaged cardiac muscle cells within 4-8 hours after symptoms of acute myocardial infarction, but they are remain elevated for much longer. Troponin T may take 2 weeks to return to normal levels, while increases in troponin I return within 5-10 days. Blood samples for the measurement of troponin should be drawn on first assessment (often some hours after the onset of symptoms i.e. chest pain) and 6–9 h later. The patient may require an additional sample between 12 and 24 hours if the earlier measurements were not elevated and the clinical suspicion of myocardial infarction is high. Troponin values may remain elevated for 7–10 days following the onset of infarction. Troponin results interpretation:               1.   Myocardial infarction, However cardiac troponin also elevated by other aetiologies such as              2. Myocarditis,              3.  Subarachnoid hemorrhage.               4. Cardiac surgery.               5.  Pulmonary embolism,               6. Congestive heart failure,                7.  Renal failure.