كيفية تحضير كوب الشاي الاخضر: طريقة عمل كوب الشاي الاخضر

 

Fructosamine: Description, Diagnostic importance and Contraindications

Description

Fructosamine is a complex of glucose and protein that can be used to assess the average blood glucose concentration where fructosamine is formed by the non-enzymatic reaction between glucose and serum proteins (approximately 80% albumin). The amount of glycated protein is increased in diabetes mellitus where hyperglycemia contributes to the long-term complications of the disease (1).

Fructosamine diagnostic importance

The fructosamine is glycated protein which is increased in diabetes mellitus with short half-life (2–3 weeks) compared to haemoglobin (6-8 weeks). Therefore, fructosamine is a more responsive marker to changes in glycaemia control compared to glycated haemoglobin HbA1c ₍₂₎.

The fructosamine and HbA1c are used for monitoring glycemic control in diabetic patients but the fructosamine is the best in following states:

1.       The disorders which causes the short life span of hemoglobin e.g. haemoglobinopathies, hemolytic anemia (4).

2.       Blood transfusion

Note: Fructosamine determination should not be used for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (5).

Normal range:

Non-Diabetic patients: 205 – 285 mmol/L

Contraindication for fructosamine for monitoring of glycemic control 

Fructosamine is not used for monitoring of glycemic control in the following states:

1.       Patients with low serum albumin e.g. catabolic state, proteinuria (serum albumin 1g/L)

2.       Obese patients, where there is an inverse relationship between weight and fructosamine concentration. The fructosamine concentration results will be low in obesity (3).

 

 

 

References

     1.  Dolhofer R, Wieland OH. Increased glycosylation of serum albumin in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 1980; 29: 417-42.

 

     2.  Armbruster DA, Fructosamine: Structure Analysis, and Clinical Usefulness. Clin Chem 1987; 33: 2153- 21-63.

3.      Broussolle CH, Tricot F, Garcia I, & Or-giazzi J Revol A. Evaluation of the fructosamine test in obesity: consequences for the assessment of past glycaemic control in diabetes. Clin Biochem 1991; 24: 203-209.

4.      Pileire B, Moutet JP, Ragoucy CM, & Bangou. Fructosamine and HbA1c in patients with Haemoglobinopathies. Clin Chem 1988; 34: 171-172.

5.       Leiper JM, Talwar D, Robb DA, Luncan CB, MacCuish AC. Glycosylated albumin and glycosylated proteins: rapidly changing idices of glycaemia in diabetic pregnancy. QJ Med 1985; 218: 225-231.